NymphoftheLuoRiver《洛神赋图》ArtistandwriterGuKaizhi(ca.344–406)paintedNymphoftheLuoRiveronalongsilkscrollduringtheEasternJinDynasty(317–420).Thenarrativescroll,fromwhichfourcopiesdatingtotheSongDynasty(960–1279)survived(nowexhibitedinBeijing,LiaoningandWashington),illustratesthepoemOdetotheNymphoftheLuoRiver,writtenbyCaoZhi(192–232).
《洛神赋图》为东晋画家和诗人顾恺之所作,绢本,长卷。这幅叙事画卷乃据曹植的《洛神赋》而作。有四件宋摹本传世,分别藏于北京、辽宁省和华盛顿。
Itisalargescrollthatshouldbe“read”horizontally,depictingthelovestorybetweenthepoetandthenymph,fromtheirmeetingtotheirparting.这幅古画为长卷,需横览,绘曹植与洛神自邂逅定情到分别的爱情故事。
EmperorTaizongReceivingtheanEnvoy《步辇图》Theinkandcolouronsilkhandscroll,129.6cmlongand38.5cmwide,isnowinthecollectionofthePalaceMuseuminBeijing.此画纵38.5厘米,横129.6厘米,手卷,绢本设色,现藏于北京故宫博物院。
NobleLadiesinTangDynasty《唐宫仕女图》NobleLadiesinTangDynastyareaserialofpaintingsdrawnbyZhangXuan(713–755)andZhouFang(ca.730–800),twoofthemostinfluentialfigurepaintersoftheTangDynasty,whenthepaintingsofnobleladiesbecameverypopular.
《唐宫仕女图》是张萱、周昉所绘的一组画。二人为唐代人物画名家,当时仕女画风行。
Thepaintingsdepicttheleisurely,lonelyandpeacefullifeoftheladiesatcourt,whoareshowntobebeautiful,dignifiedandgraceful.Fourmost-renownedpaintingsintheserialarePortraitofLadyofGuoGoingSightseeinginSpring(byZhangXuan),CourtLadiesPreparingSilk(byZhangXuan),CourtLadiesAdorningTheirHairwithFlowers(byZhouFang),CourtLadiesSwingingFans(byZhouFang).
此画描绘了宫廷仕女闲静寥落的生活,人物优美、典雅、端庄。这组画中最著名的四幅作品是张萱所作《虢国夫人游春图》、《捣练图》以及周昉所作《簪花仕女图》、《挥扇仕女图》。
ZhangXuanusedfinebrushworktomakepaintingsofpeopleandwasespeciallygoodatpaintingnobleladies,infantsandpommelhorses.ZhouFangwasinfluencedbythepureanddetailedstyleoftheJinDynastyartistGuKaizhi,andhisportrayalsofcourtladiesarecharacterizedbyroundfacesandplumpfigures.张萱以工笔人物写生见长,尤其擅绘仕女、婴儿和鞍马。受顾恺之影响,周昉的画风不求藻饰,注重细节,仕女造型以面容圆润、体态丰腴为主要特征。
ThepaintingsarenowkeptinseveralmuseumsaroundChina.这组画现藏于国内几家博物馆。
FiveOxen《五牛图》FiveOxen,apaintingbyrenownedTangDynastyartistHanHuang(723–787),ishousedinthePalaceMuseuminBeijing.
《五牛图》为唐代著名画家韩滉所作,藏于北京故宫博物院。
HanHuangwasborninChang’anduringthereignofEmperorXuanzong(685–762),andservedasachancellorduringthereignofEmperorDezong(742–805).韩滉生于唐玄宗开元年间,长安人,唐德宗年间任宰相。
Hanwasrenownedforpaintingpeopleandanimalswithdetailedfacialexpressions.Hewasespeciallydistinguishedatpaintingagriculturallifeandlivestock,includingoxenandgoats.韩滉以人物、畜兽画著称,神态刻画细致入微,对田家风俗和牛羊等家畜的描摹尤其出色。
FiveOxenis139.8centimeterslongand20.8centimeterswide.Thepainting,asthenamesuggests,isoffiveoxenwithoutanybackground.Theoxenarepositionedinaline,eachwithdistinctiveappearance,walkingorstanding,holdingtheirheadshighorlow.Theoxenhavebright,piercingeyesanddifferenttemperaments:lively,docile,rompingandeveneccentric.
《五牛图》纵20.8厘米,横139.8厘米。顾名思义,画的是五头牛,画面上没有背景衬托。五头牛一字排开,各具状貌,姿态互异:或行,或立,或俯首,或昂头。五牛瞳眸炯炯有神,性情各不相同:活泼、温顺、喧闹甚或乖僻。
TheNightRevelsofHanXizai《韩熙载夜宴图》TheNightRevelsofHanXizaibySouthernTang(937–975)artistGuHongzhongreproducesthehistoricalsceneofSouthernTangMinisterHanXizai’seveningbanquet.Itshowsthehostandguests,singinganddancing,laughterandjoy,aswellastheprotagonist’sdetachmentandasenseofgloom.Thesurvivingcopyisa28.7cm×335.5cm,inkandcoloronsilkhandscrollmadeduringtheSongDynasty,andisnowhousedinthePalaceMuseuminBeijing.
《韩熙载夜宴图》为南唐画家顾闳中所作,再现了南唐大臣韩熙载夜宴宾客的历史场景,描绘了宴会上主客揉杂、弹丝吹竹、清歌艳舞、调笑欢乐的场面,又刻画了主人公超脱不羁、沉郁寡欢的性格。现存宋摹本手卷,绢本设色,纵28.7厘米,横335.5厘米,现藏于北京故宫博物院。
GuHongzhong(910–980)wasacourt-painterinthepaintingacademyoftheSouthernTangDynastyduringtheFiveDynastyandTenKingdomsperiod(907–979).EmperorLiYusentGutospyononeofHan’ssumptuousparties,leadingGutoproducethisfamousartwork.顾闳中,五代十国南唐画家,任南唐画院宫廷画师。后主李煜派其潜入韩府韩熙载夜宴的奢华场面。顾闳中因此绘制出这幅名画。
Thisnarrativepaintingissplitintofivedistinctsections:HanXizailistenstothepipa,watchesdancers,takesarest,playsstringinstruments,andthenseesguestsoff.Itshowspreciseportraitsofmorethan40figureswithfineandcontinuousbrushlinesanddelicatecolors.该叙事画卷分为五段场景,即听乐、观舞、暂歇、清吹、散宴。作品描绘了40多个人物,造型准确精微,线条工细流畅,色彩绚丽清雅。
Theworkwasnotonlyapaintingaboutpersonallife,butalsorepresentedmanyfeaturesfromthatperiod.这幅画不仅展现了韩熙载的个人生活,也反映了那个时代的多种风情。
AThousandLiofRiversandMountains《千里江山图》WangXimeng,ateenageartistduringtheSongDynastyofChina,paintedAThousandLiofRiversandMountainsin1113.WangstudiedlandscapepaintingattheImperialPaintingAcademy,andwastaughtpersonallybyEmperorHuizongofSong.Hewasonly18yearsoldwhenhepaintedthisartwork,andhepassedawayprobablyaroundtheageof20.
北宋政和三年,少年画家王希孟绘制了《千里江山图》。王希孟曾入画学为生徒,工山水,得宋徽宗亲授。他创作此画时年仅18岁,20岁左右去世。
Thebackgroundofthesceneislargelycoloredgold—thecolorsymbolizingwealthandroyalty—furtherglorifyingthecountry.这幅画的背景主要是金色,象征财富和皇权,彰显了国家的荣耀。
Thehandscrollis1,191.5cmlongand51.5cmwide.Itdepictsspectacularlandscapes,excellentarchitecture,exoticanimals,andhumanslivinginharmonyandpeace.ItisnowpartofthecollectionofthePalaceMuseuminBeijing.画卷纵51.5厘米,横1191.5厘米,展现了秀美山川、非凡建筑、珍禽异兽、安居百姓。现藏于北京故宫博物院。
AlongtheRiverDuringtheQingmingFestival《清明上河图》AlongtheRiverDuringtheQingmingFestivalwaspaintedbyZhangZeduan(1085–1145),acourtartistoftheNorthSongDynasty(960–1127).ThehandscrollcapturestherichsceneryandnaturallandscapesalongtheshoresofBianRiverintheNorthernSongcapitalBianliang,whichwaslocatednearmodern-dayKaifenginHenanProvince.
《清明上河图》,北宋宫廷画师张择端所作。该手卷反映了北宋都城东京汴梁汴河两岸的街市繁荣景象和自然风光。
Paintedinlightcolorsonsilkandmeasuring24.8cm×528.7cm,theoriginalworkisnowinthecollectionofthePalaceMuseuminBeijing.原画纵24.8厘米,横528.7厘米,绢本浅色。现藏北京故宫博物院。
DwellingintheFuchunMountains《富春山居图》DwellingintheFuchunMountainsisoneofthefewsurvivingworksbythepainterHuangGongwang(1269–1354).ThepaintingiscreatedbasedontheFuchunriver’searlyautumnscenery.HuangmadefulluseoftheChinesetraditionaltechniques.Thearrangementisamasterpieceofmovementandstillnessaswellasdensityandexpansiveness.Theinklikewiserangesfromextremelydrytomoist,andthestrokesalsovaryfromcenteredbrushworktoslanted.
《富春山居图》为画家黄公望少数的存世作品之一。画家充分利用水墨技法描绘了富春江一带的初秋景色,山水布置动静结合,疏密得当,墨色浓淡干湿并用,中锋圆浑、侧锋峻峭,极富变化。
SpringMorningintheHanPalace《汉宫春晓图》CreatedbytheMingDynasty(1368–1644)painterQiuYing(ca.1494–1552),SpringMorningintheHanPalaceisasilkscrollpaintingnotedforitsbolduseofcolors.Withalengthof574.1centimetersandawidthof30.6centimeters,itisconsideredverylargerelativetoothersimilardecorativeartwork.QiuYingisonerepresentativepainterintheMingDynasty,andisregardedasoneoftheFourGreatMastersoftheMingDynastyalongwithShenZhou(1427–1509),WenZhengming(1470–1559)andTangYin(1470–1523).
OneHundredHorses《百骏图》《百骏图》,清郎世宁所绘。郎世宁,意大利传教士,原名朱塞佩·伽斯底里奥内。郎世宁任宫廷画师五十多年,画才深得康熙、雍正、乾隆赞许。他将西洋现实主义手法与中国传统构图和笔法相融合,开创了一种中西杂糅风格。
Thispaperpainting,813cmlongand102cmwide,captures100horsesinvariouspostures.Theyarekneeling,standing,frolicking,rolling,eatingandrunningonthegrassland—stayingaloneandamonggroups.TheartworkisnowpreservedintheTaipeiPalaceMuseum.《百骏图》,纸质稿本,纵102厘米,横813厘米。此图共绘有100匹骏马,在草地上或跪或立,嬉闹翻滚,觅食奔跑,聚散不一,姿势各异。现藏台北故宫博物院。